Syria’s civil war has taken a dramatic turn with a rebel offensive that seized control of Aleppo, one of the country’s largest cities and a historic economic hub. This marks the first opposition attack on the city since 2016, a pivotal year when Russian-backed government forces recaptured Aleppo. The current assault, led by the jihadi group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), is among the most significant in years, reigniting the conflict that has killed an estimated 500,000 people and displaced millions.
The rebels, launching a two-pronged attack from Idlib and Hama provinces, have made significant gains, prompting swift countermeasures from the Syrian military, including reinforcements and airstrikes. The offensive comes as global attention is divided among other Middle Eastern conflicts, including the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza and tensions with Hezbollah in Lebanon.
Analysts suggest the timing of the attack may have been influenced by recent Israeli strikes on Syrian and Hezbollah targets, coupled with Russia’s preoccupation with the war in Ukraine. The renewed fighting raises concerns about further destabilization in the region, particularly if it escalates into a broader conflict involving major powers like Russia and Turkey, both of whom have vested interests in Syria.
Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, once an al-Qaida affiliate, has sought to rebrand itself in recent years, focusing on civilian governance within its territories. Despite these efforts, HTS remains designated as a terrorist organization by the U.S. and the U.N., complicating international engagement with the group.
Aleppo, a city of immense historical and cultural significance, has been a flashpoint throughout the war. Its loss would be a major blow to Syrian President Bashar Assad, who currently controls 70% of the country with support from Russia and Iran. As the conflict reignites, the humanitarian toll and geopolitical implications are expected to grow exponentially.
