Europe achieved a historic milestone in 2024 as it generated more electricity from solar power than coal, signaling a significant shift toward cleaner energy sources. According to a recent report by climate think tank Ember, solar panels accounted for 11% of the European Union’s electricity generation, while coal-burning power plants produced 10%. This achievement marks a pivotal moment in the EU’s clean energy transition, as the role of fossil fuels, particularly coal and natural gas, continues to decline.
The use of coal has been a dominant energy source in Europe for centuries, fueling industrialization and contributing to significant environmental pollution. However, the decline in coal use has been substantial, particularly in recent years. Coal consumption in the EU power sector peaked in 2007 and has since halved, with solar energy emerging as the fastest-growing power source.
The rise of solar energy in Europe is attributed to an unprecedented increase in the installation of solar panels, despite a reduction in overall sunlight compared to previous years. Experts have noted that the surge in solar capacity is translating into a real decrease in the reliance on fossil fuels, making a significant contribution to the EU’s ongoing efforts to reduce its carbon emissions and improve air quality.
Wind and solar energy together accounted for 29% of electricity generation in 2024, while hydropower and nuclear power also saw a resurgence. The trend reflects the EU’s broader shift toward renewable energy sources, which now make up a growing share of the electricity mix. Fossil gas, which had been a major energy source in the EU, continued its structural decline, dropping in 14 of the 26 countries that still rely on gas power.
The decline of coal was particularly notable in Germany and Poland, two of Europe’s largest coal consumers. In Germany, the share of coal in the electricity grid dropped by 17% year-on-year, while Poland saw an 8% reduction. The trend indicates a broader shift across Europe towards renewable energy, despite rising electricity demand after two years of decline, largely due to the geopolitical situation following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
The EU’s commitment to clean energy has been reinforced by strong policies and market mechanisms designed to incentivize the adoption of renewable sources. The EU is on track to meet its target of 400GW of installed solar capacity by 2025 and is well-positioned to reach its 2030 goal of 750GW, provided that the pace of growth continues.
To support this transition, experts have called for increased investments in energy storage solutions, such as batteries, and smart technologies like smart meters, to ensure that the supply of renewable energy is aligned with demand. This move is crucial to maximizing the potential of renewable sources like solar and wind, which fluctuate depending on weather and time of day.
For further information on the global energy transition and renewable energy developments, visit this article on renewable energy trends.
